答案:Under the gold standard each country’s government fixed its currency to a specified quantity of gold. The government permitted individuals to exchange domestic currency for gold and to export and import gold. Through gold arbitrage the exchange rates between currencies then remained within a band (whose width reflected the transactions costs of gold movements between countries) The changes in the government’s gold holdings were linked to changes in the country’s money supply and thus to the country’s average price level, its inflation rate, and other aspects of its macroeconomic performance.