How to understand De in Laozi's theory
How to understand De in Laozi's theory
发布时间：2025-02-26 10:02:19
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答案：first, the character of Dao, the origin of the universe, is called Xuande (ultimate virtue); second, the character of the sage who embodies Dao is also called Xuande, and this is because his character is consistent with that of Dao. The character of all things is generally called De (virtue), and Laozi also named it Dao. The Daoof heaven and the De of heaven, the Daoof human beings and the De of human beings are concepts at the same level. In addition to the difference between Xuande and general De, De can be identified from other perspectives. The man of superior De is not conscious of his virtue, because he has virtue, the man of inferior De is always emphasizing his obtaining virtue since he is devoid of virtue. As to what is Xuande, Laozi said, "It gives them (all things) birth and does not own them, acts on but does not appropriate them, is superior to and does not control them."Xuande of Dao is Wuwei, or to let it be. It is a disaster for a country to be governed with wisdom, and it is lucky for a country to be governed following the rule of its nature, which is right the way a sage governs a country.
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