答案：(a) Carefully planned standards are an aid to more accurate budgeting. (b) Standard costs provide a yardstick against which actual costs can be measured. (c) The setting of standards involves determining the best materials and methods which may lead to economies. (d) A target of efficiency is set for employees to reach and cost consciousness is stimulated.(e) Variances can be calculated which enable the principle of 'management by exception' to be operated. Only the variances which exceed acceptable tolerance limits need to be investigated by management with a view to control action. (f) Standard costs and variance analysis can motivate managers to achieve better performance. However, care must be taken to distinguish between controllable and non-controllable costs in variance reporting.
