答案:anovelsetinaperiodbeforethebirthoftheauthor,andoftencontainingnotonlyfictionalbuthistoricalpeopleand/orevents.Inseriousworkthereisarealattemptataccuracyandcredibility.InEngland,ScotestablishedtheformsoemphaticallythatitsinfluencespreadthroughoutEurope,anditcontinuedtoflourishfortherestofthecenturyinEngland.